National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level I (NCAC I) Practice Exam

What is one of the primary mechanisms of action for MDMA?

1. Increase in cortisol release

2. Increase release of dopamine

3. Inhibition of serotonin production

4. Reduction in norepinephrine levels

The correct answer is: Increase release of dopamine

The primary mechanism of action for MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) involves the increase in the release of dopamine. MDMA is known to engage the serotonin transporters, leading to a significant release of serotonin, along with dopamine and norepinephrine. This increase in dopamine is particularly important as it contributes to the euphoric and rewarding sensations often experienced while under the influence of the drug. Dopamine plays a crucial role in the brain's reward system, and its release enhances feelings of pleasure and emotional connectivity, which are characteristic of the MDMA experience. This action on the dopamine system is essential for understanding the drug's psychoactive effects and its potential for misuse. The other choices focus on different neurotransmitter systems and biophysical processes that do not align with MDMA’s primary mechanism. For instance, an increase in cortisol release is related to stress response rather than MDMA's psychoactive properties. Inhibition of serotonin production and reduction in norepinephrine levels do not reflect the stimulant and empathogenic qualities of MDMA, which are largely attributed to the elevated levels of serotonin and dopamine that occur. Thus, recognizing the role of dopamine is fundamental to understanding MDMA's effects on mood and perception.